Nature vs. Nurture in Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nature vs. Nurture in Intelligence - Essay ExampleHe went on to analyze biographical dictionaries and encyclopedias, and became convinced that endowment fund in science, the professions, and the arts, ran in families.This suggestion became know as eugenics, the content of the agencies under social control that may improve or repair the racial qualities of coming(prenominal) generations, either physically or mentally. Galton wanted to speed up the process of natural selection, stating that What Nature does blindly, slowly, and ruthlessly, man may do providently, quickly, and kindly.Galton was convinced that news program must be bred, not trained. Such arguments have had massive social consequences and have been used to support apartheid policies, sterilization programs, and other acts of withholding underlying human rights from minority groups.In the heyday of eugenic IQ testing in the 1920s there was no evidence for the heritability of IQ. It was just an assumption of the practi tioners. instantly that is no longer the case. The heritability of IQ (whatever IQ is) is now a hypothesis that has been tested - on twins and adoptees. The results really are quite startling. No study of the causes of intelligence has failed to find a certain and often substantial heritability. What varies from study to study is the amount that can be attri moreovered to heritability.Evidence in favour of evokeGive me a dozen healthy infants & my own specific world to bringthem up in, & Ill guarantee to take any one at random & train him to become any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist,merchant, chef & yes, even beggar & thief, regardless of his talents,penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.- John B. Watson, 1924This was a notable quote in the heyday of behaviorism, when the child was considered to be a tabula rasa (blank slate) onto which anything could be sculpted through environmental experience. This would be a 100% en vironmental view, but virtually no psychologists would accept such an extreme position today.So, what can we say about nature vs. nurture as causal determinants of intelligenceA conservative, seemly safe position is thatIn the field of intelligence, there are three facts about the transmission of intelligence that virtually everyone seems to accept1. Both genetic endowment and environment contribute to intelligence.2. Heredity and environment interact in various ways.3. Extremely poor as well as highly enriched environments can mediate with the realization of a persons intelligence, regardless of the persons heredity (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 1997, p.xi).4. Although most would accept a causal role of genetics, the exact genetic link and how it operates is very far from universe understood - another point that most psychologists would agree on. It is certainly not a single gene, but a complex